Wednesday, March 6, 2013

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New tool better estimates pandemic threats

New tool better estimates pandemic threats [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Mar-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sumrina Yousufzai
syousufzai@plos.org
415-568-3164
Public Library of Science

Press release from PLOS Medicine

A simple new method better assesses the risks posed by emerging zoonotic viruses (those transmissible from animals to humans), according to a study published in PLOS Medicine this week. Dr. Simon Cauchemez and colleagues from Imperial College London in the UK and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US show that the new tool can produce transmissibility estimates for swine flu (the H3N2v-M virus), allowing researchers to better evaluate the possible pandemic threat posed by this virus. Until now, estimates of transmissibility were derived from detailed outbreak investigations, which are resource intensive and subject to selection bias. In this study, the authors develop a method to derive unbiased estimates of transmissibility with more limited data.

This study has important health policy implications because of the large numbers of people that could potentially be harmed by emerging viruses. Zoonotic viruses primarily cause occasional infections in human populations exposed to reservoir species (the animal species harboring the virus) because the pathogens are usually poorly adapted for sustained human-to-human transmission. However, zoonotic viruses are under strong selective pressure to acquire the ability for human-to-human transmission. Dr. Cauchemez and colleagues show that the novel approach described in this paper will be useful in assessing human-to-human transmissions during zoonotic outbreaks.

The researchers developed a mathematical model of disease transmission, which only requires data from routine surveillance and standard case investigations. They showed that the pandemic potential of a zoonotic virus could be estimated simply from the proportion of cases infected by the natural reservoir. The authors then applied their new approach to assess the human-to-human transmissibility of H1N1v, H1N2v and H3N2v viruses (in particular that of the H3N2v-M virus) from US surveillance data for the period December 2005 to December 2011 and Nipah virus in Malaysia and Bangladesh, as well as to a non-zoonotic pathogen Vibrio cholerae in the Dominican Republic. This study demonstrates the applicability of this novel approach to estimating the reproduction number R (or the number of individuals infected by a case), during zoonotic and certain non-zoonotic outbreaks.

The technique for estimating R described in this paper is simple and robust and does not require as much investigative effort as existing methods, say the authors. However, a key limitation of this new approach is that it is designed to estimate R during subcritical outbreaks. If it is not a subcritical outbreak, other methods are needed to estimate R.

Dr. Lyn Finelli, Surveillance and Outbreak Response Team (Influenza Division, CDC) and co-author on the paper said: "Outbreaks of the H3N2v-M virus largely took place at livestock exhibitions with thousands of visitors every day. It is very hard to perform detailed outbreak investigations and effectively trace cases in such settings since visitors are widely dispersed. The approach presented in the paper, is simple, requires few data, and was very useful in assessing transmissibility of the virus from the data available."

###

Funding: The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement nu278433-PREDEMICS, the European Union FP7 EMPERIE project, the NIGMS MIDAS initiative, the Medical Research Council, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing Interests: SC received consulting fees from Sanofi Pasteur MSD for a project on the modelling of varicella zoster virus transmission. The authors declare no other competing interests.

Citation: Cauchemez S, Epperson S, Biggerstaff M, Swerdlow D, Finelli L, et al. (2013) Using Routine Surveillance Data to Estimate the Epidemic Potential of Emerging Zoonoses: Application to the Emergence of US Swine Origin Influenza A H3N2v Virus. PLoS Med 10(3): e1001399. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001399

IN YOUR COVERAGE PLEASE USE THIS URL TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE FREELY AVAILABLE PAPER:

http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001399

Contact:

Sam Wong
Research Media Officer (Medicine)
Communications and Development Division
Imperial College London
Level 4, Faculty Building
South Kensington Campus
SW7 2AZ
e: sam.wong@imperial.ac.uk
t: +44(0)20 7594 2198
Out of hours duty press officer: +44(0)7803 886 248


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


New tool better estimates pandemic threats [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 5-Mar-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sumrina Yousufzai
syousufzai@plos.org
415-568-3164
Public Library of Science

Press release from PLOS Medicine

A simple new method better assesses the risks posed by emerging zoonotic viruses (those transmissible from animals to humans), according to a study published in PLOS Medicine this week. Dr. Simon Cauchemez and colleagues from Imperial College London in the UK and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US show that the new tool can produce transmissibility estimates for swine flu (the H3N2v-M virus), allowing researchers to better evaluate the possible pandemic threat posed by this virus. Until now, estimates of transmissibility were derived from detailed outbreak investigations, which are resource intensive and subject to selection bias. In this study, the authors develop a method to derive unbiased estimates of transmissibility with more limited data.

This study has important health policy implications because of the large numbers of people that could potentially be harmed by emerging viruses. Zoonotic viruses primarily cause occasional infections in human populations exposed to reservoir species (the animal species harboring the virus) because the pathogens are usually poorly adapted for sustained human-to-human transmission. However, zoonotic viruses are under strong selective pressure to acquire the ability for human-to-human transmission. Dr. Cauchemez and colleagues show that the novel approach described in this paper will be useful in assessing human-to-human transmissions during zoonotic outbreaks.

The researchers developed a mathematical model of disease transmission, which only requires data from routine surveillance and standard case investigations. They showed that the pandemic potential of a zoonotic virus could be estimated simply from the proportion of cases infected by the natural reservoir. The authors then applied their new approach to assess the human-to-human transmissibility of H1N1v, H1N2v and H3N2v viruses (in particular that of the H3N2v-M virus) from US surveillance data for the period December 2005 to December 2011 and Nipah virus in Malaysia and Bangladesh, as well as to a non-zoonotic pathogen Vibrio cholerae in the Dominican Republic. This study demonstrates the applicability of this novel approach to estimating the reproduction number R (or the number of individuals infected by a case), during zoonotic and certain non-zoonotic outbreaks.

The technique for estimating R described in this paper is simple and robust and does not require as much investigative effort as existing methods, say the authors. However, a key limitation of this new approach is that it is designed to estimate R during subcritical outbreaks. If it is not a subcritical outbreak, other methods are needed to estimate R.

Dr. Lyn Finelli, Surveillance and Outbreak Response Team (Influenza Division, CDC) and co-author on the paper said: "Outbreaks of the H3N2v-M virus largely took place at livestock exhibitions with thousands of visitors every day. It is very hard to perform detailed outbreak investigations and effectively trace cases in such settings since visitors are widely dispersed. The approach presented in the paper, is simple, requires few data, and was very useful in assessing transmissibility of the virus from the data available."

###

Funding: The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement nu278433-PREDEMICS, the European Union FP7 EMPERIE project, the NIGMS MIDAS initiative, the Medical Research Council, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Competing Interests: SC received consulting fees from Sanofi Pasteur MSD for a project on the modelling of varicella zoster virus transmission. The authors declare no other competing interests.

Citation: Cauchemez S, Epperson S, Biggerstaff M, Swerdlow D, Finelli L, et al. (2013) Using Routine Surveillance Data to Estimate the Epidemic Potential of Emerging Zoonoses: Application to the Emergence of US Swine Origin Influenza A H3N2v Virus. PLoS Med 10(3): e1001399. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001399

IN YOUR COVERAGE PLEASE USE THIS URL TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO THE FREELY AVAILABLE PAPER:

http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001399

Contact:

Sam Wong
Research Media Officer (Medicine)
Communications and Development Division
Imperial College London
Level 4, Faculty Building
South Kensington Campus
SW7 2AZ
e: sam.wong@imperial.ac.uk
t: +44(0)20 7594 2198
Out of hours duty press officer: +44(0)7803 886 248


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/plos-ntb022813.php

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Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Hobbies to Get Into at Garanimals Blog

Kids are a full-time job and it?s hard to find time for yourself, but when you do? what do you do with it?? Anytime is a good time to start a hobby? have you always dreamed of being a photographer? Do you love to knit? Are you into jewelry? The best part about hobbies is trying out different ones and finding what you really love. Here are some hobbies you might want to consider:

Music

As children, most of us are introduced to music at school and sometimes at home, but we don?t always continue as we get older. Is there an instrument you?ve always wanted to learn? For me, it?s the guitar. There are tons of online video tutorials and tip sheets for teaching yourself how to play, and many music stores offer deals on gently used instruments. You can also check out where you can take lessons locally. The great thing about learning an instrument is that you can go at your own pace.

Scrapbooking

I don?t know about you, but I?ve got TONS of pictures, birthday cards, ticket stubs, and other tangible memories lying around the house with no purpose. Why not make these special items into scrapbooks that can be enjoyed by friends, family, vistors and YOU for years to come? Instead of putting your family vacation photos into a boring album, spice it up by creating a scrapbook and including your plane tickets, a few shells from the beach, etc. Local craft stores offer lots of cute scrapbook stickers, embellishments, patterned paper and more. This website is great for beginners? Scrapbooking 101.

Photography

You don?t have to be a professional to take or edit pictures. Most of us own a camera or a cell phone that takes pictures, and there are numerous free online photo-editing programs. Start out by learning about your device? the special features, how to use different settings, etc. Then get out there and experiment! Take pictures of everything? your kids, your pets, nature, your house, friends, family, anything! Try artistic angles, colors, lighting and props. Check out online tutorials for both photography and photo editing. You?ll be surprised at how creative and artistic you can be!

Jewelry-Making

If you love jewelry and accessories, try making your own. Your local craft store should have a variety of materials, including different bead and metal types. You?ll need a set of the basic tools and materials, and then you can explore online for tutorials, projects, etc. Many websites offer beginner jewelry projects that are sort of like ?recipes? and will give you all the information you need to know from start to finish. Not only can you show off your beautiful pieces but they make great, personalized gifts! Try this beginners jewelry-making site.

Do you have any hobbies? What would you LOVE to get into?

Source: http://blog.garanimals.com/2013/02/13/hobbies-to-get-into/

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How An Offline Business Gets Online Sales

How An Offline Business Gets Online Sales

As you can imagine, farmers aren?t spending too much of their time online. But Earth Fortification Supplies Company (Earthfort), a business that helps with management of soil biology for agriculture, markets to farmers.

So it?s no surprise that most of Earthfort?s subscribers come from offline sources. But what might be a surprise is that Earthfort has a lot of people confirming their subscription and reading their emails, and have 0 complaints on all emails sent thus far.

Earthfort?s goal with email marketing is to increase sales ? and that?s exactly what they?re doing.

How do they do it? By doing things right.

Ask Customers To Subscribe

Earthfort gets most of their email subscribers through their soil sample submission forms:



Clients send their soil samples to Earthfort?s lab in Corvallis, Oregon. You?ll notice on the form that there is a box that needs to be checked in order to add someone to the email list. Earthfort isn?t adding everyone that mails in a sample to their list; only people that specifically request to be added get added.

Takeaway: Make sure you ask for permission.

Think of how many mailing lists you?d be on if every single business that had your email address added you to their list. And think about how frustrating it is when businesses add you to their mailing list when you didn?t ask to be.

Have Subscribers Confirm Their Subscription

For both offline and online subscribers, Earthfort sends a confirmation message for people to verify they want to be added:



This confirmation ensures that:
1. You have a valid email address ? if you send to email addresses that aren?t valid, it can hurt your sender reputation.
2. The person is really interested ? you know they will be more likely to purchase something from you.

On average, over 60% of Earthfort?s new subscribers confirm their subscription.

You can also use the confirmation to get them back on your website. After they click the link to confirm, have them go to a special page on your site that thanks them while also providing easy links to your products and other pages.

Takeaway: Customize your confirmation process. Make sure your confirmation message is clear and personal. If you can, set up a special page for subscribers to land on after they confirm. This page has brought great results for some businesses.

Send Emails Subscribers Want

?We choose to emphasize positive stories and offer information,? says Scott Smith, CEO of Earthfort. ?Our content may be an inspirational story of the success on one of our clients, or we may provide technical information or how-to tips.?

This strategy gives Earthfort an open rate average over 70%. That?s pretty high for an audience that spends more time outside than on a computer. Earthfort also lays out what?s in each email:



The content summary at the top makes this perfect for their busy audience. Scott reports an increase in sales whenever an email newsletter is sent out.

The Biggest Challenge?

There?s always room for improvement. Scott said that Earthfort?s biggest challenge is consistency. ?We need to be consistent in communicating (e.g. not miss a regular newsletter update).? That?s a problem many small business owners can relate to, but there are also plenty of tools to help you out.

Another challenge? Getting all their customers to realize Earthfort has an email campaign and its benefits. By incorporating the check box in their submission forms, they?re doing a good job tackling this problem. If you have mostly offline customers, make sure they see your sign up form in your store or office, and talk to them about the benefits.

How Do You Grow Your List Offline?

What do you do to ensure you have valid, interested subscribers added to your list?

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Source: http://www.aweber.com/blog/email-marketing/offline-business-online-sales.htm

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Tuesday, February 12, 2013

Samsung says it?s happy to follow instead of lead

Samsung Apple Rivalry AnalysisSamsung

Samsung (005930) has been a leader in the consumer electronics industry for quite some time, but the Korean company is a relative newcomer in the smartphone market. In just a few short years, Samsung went from dabbling with Android to dominating handset shipment volumes, having sold an estimated 63 million smartphones into channels last quarter?and raking in $6.6 billion in profit as a result. While Samsung has taken a lot of heat for copying Apple?s designs, the formula is clearly working ? and in a recent interview, a top executive said Samsung is happy to follow other companies? lead.

[More from BGR: iPhone 5S reportedly revealed in leaked photos [updated]]

The New York Times? Brian X. Chen penned an interesting piece on the Apple-Samsung rivalry this past weekend, focusing on Samsung?s rise in popularity and suggesting it is the first time Apple (AAPL) has seen a true competitor since launching the iPhone. Chen writes that while Apple focuses on creating new markets and dominating them, Samsung invests heavily in entering existing markets and growing within them.

[More from BGR: BlackBerry Z10 now available in U.S. with $50 unlimited plan]

?We get most of our ideas from the market,? Samsung EVP Kim Hyun-suk told Chen in an interview. ?The market is a driver, so we don?t intend to drive the market in a certain direction.?

Many of Apple?s recent products have entered existing markets, but these devices have offered innovation and clear benefits over devices that came before them.?The iPhone and iPod are two obvious examples of this strategy. It doesn?t always work as well as it did with the iPhone, of course, but there is always something new and different to highlight when Apple breaks into a new market.

As Kim suggested, Samsung?s strategy focuses less on carving new paths and more on refinement. Samsung?s early Galaxy smartphones are perfect examples. They didn?t really offer any new designs or?revolutionary?features, but they were great devices that offered subtle tweaks compared to other recent smartphones.?By offering numerous different models with varied features that appealed to different consumers ? and by utilizing its resources and spending billions on advertising and marketing ? Samsung quickly climbed to the top of the industry.

Apple and Samsung are dominating the smartphone market by an unprecedented margin right now, and an interesting shift has taken place. Though Samsung says it is happy to follow the leader, the company also did some leading recently when its Galaxy Note carved out a successful new ?phablet? niche in the market. Meanwhile, rumors suggest Apple may begin to do some following with a cheaper iPhone model and possibly a phablet of its own.

Both strategies have?merits?and both have led to tremendous success for these two technology giants. As exciting Apple and Samsung have made the smartphone market over the past few years, things will heat up even more as each company?s strategy spills into the other?s territory.

This article was originally published on BGR.com

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/samsung-says-happy-instead-lead-171507634.html

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Pope Benedict XVI to step aside on Feb. 28

Mentioning no specific ailment other than 'advanced age,' Pope Benedict's parting came as a shocking announcement for many ? except for the Pope's brother, who said he knew Benedict had been thinking about stepping down for months. NBC's Richard Engel reports.

By Claudio Lavanga, Erin McClam and Alastair Jamieson, NBC News

Updated at 2:57 p.m. ET: Pope Benedict XVI shocked Catholics around the world Monday by saying that he no longer had the mental or physical strength to carry out his job and would become the first pope since the Middle Ages to give up the title.

The pope, speaking in Latin, informed a small gathering of cardinals at the Vatican of his decision. The abdication will take effect on Feb. 28, and cardinals could gather as early as March to elect a successor.

Benedict, 85, said later in a statement that the papacy required ?strength of mind and body,? and that both had deteriorated in recent months. He said that he had made the decision ?after having repeatedly examined my conscience before God.?

The abdication closes an eight-year pontificate widely recognized as deeply conservative. The church also spent much of Benedict?s term grappling with sexual abuse scandals.

The pope?s decision shot quickly through the dioceses of the world, and some of the 1.2 billion faithful ? from laity to the very cardinals who were in the room ? expressed profound surprise.

?I?m as startled as the rest of you and as anxious to find out exactly what?s going on,? Cardinal Timothy Dolan, the archbishop of New York, said on TODAY. ?Except for prayer, I don?t know what else to do. I?ll await instruction with everyone else.?

In an announcement that stunned Catholics around the world, Pope Benedict XVI revealed he will be stepping down from his position, citing failing strength. NBC's Michelle Kosinski reports on his eight years as pope.

Monsignor Oscar Sanchez of Mexico, who was at the Vatican for the announcement, was quoted by The Associated Press as saying that the cardinals ?remained shocked and were looking at each other.?

President Barack Obama said in a statement that he and first lady Michelle Obama ?warmly remember our meeting with the Holy Father in 2009, and I have appreciated our work together over these last four years.?

Canon law says that the pope may relinquish his office provided that the decision is ?made freely and properly manifested? ? language to which Benedict appeared to allude in his statement.

Because there is no one in the church higher than the pope to accept a resignation, the renouncement is technically an abdication.

The last pope universally recognized to have abdicated was Celestine V, who was elected in July 1294 and gave up the job five months later after feeling that he was being manipulated by the King of Sicily and Naples. He was declared a saint in 1313.

During a period of division known as the Great Western Schism, from 1378 to 1415, there were three rival claimants to the papacy. The legitimate pope, Gregory XII, abdicated to make way for an undisputed pope.

Benedict?s abdication clears the way for the College of Cardinals to gather at the Vatican to elect a successor, a process in which the United States is expected to have unprecedented sway.

The U.S. will have 11 votes, almost 10 percent of the electorate and the second-largest voting bloc behind Italy, which will have 28 votes. Germany, the home country of the current pope, will have six.

It appears highly unlikely that an American will be elected Benedict?s successor. Dolan, president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, is considered a longshot for the job.

The archbishop of New York, Cardinal Timothy Dolan, explains the "mixed emotions" he feels about the news that Pope Benedict XVI will resign on February 28, saying he feels a "special bond" with the pope.

Among the cardinals mentioned as possible successors are Angelo Scola of Italy, Peter Turkson of Ghana, Marc Ouellet of Canada and Francis Arinze of Nigeria and Christoph Schoenborn of Austria.

Cardinal Donald Wuerl, the archbishop of Washington, told reporters that the cardinals would be looking for an ?articulate voice? for the church and would keep in mind Benedict?s tradition.

?He has called all of us to focus on the spiritual mission of the church, proclaim the gospel and once again begin this personal relationship all of us are capable of having with God back to the foreground,? he told reporters at St. Matthew?s Cathedral.

Benedict, then Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, was elected April 19, 2005. He was the 265th pope and the successor to John Paul II, who had served since 1978 and was wildly popular among the faithful.

Born in 1927, he had been conscripted into the Hitler Youth during World War II, but he never joined the Nazi Party, and his family opposed the regime of Adolf Hitler, Reuters reported.

Ratzinger, before being elevated to pope, headed the Vatican?s Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which oversees church doctrine. His strict approach to theology earned him the nickname ?God?s Rottweiler.?

NBC New Vatican analyst George Weigel gives his thoughts on Pope Benedict XVI's announcement of his resignation, and explains how a new pope will be selected.

He sought to rekindle the faith of Catholics and bring them closer to the teachings of the church. He worried that too many had strayed, and said in 2005 that the parts of the world suffered from ?a strange forgetfulness of God.?

During Benedict?s papacy, thousands of people came forward to report that priests had raped or molested them as children and that bishops had covered it up.

It was Benedict?s old office that dealt with abuse cases, yet Benedict never admitted failure himself or of the Vatican, and never punished bishops who ignored or covered up the abuse.

?He could go around and minister to victims, which he did, and I think that was a brave and profound thing to do, but he couldn?t change the definitive elements of the Catholic Church that enable abuse,? said Michael D?Antonio, author of ?Mortal Sins: Sex, Crime, and the Era of Catholic Scandal.?

?He would have had to pick up the church and drag it into the 21st century, but you know he could have,? he said. ?He might have died trying, the stress of that might have been even more profound, he would have faced tremendous intrigue and opposition but I suspect that instead he may go down in history as a caretaker, an interpersonally kind pastor who made no mark when he had the chance to.?

Bill Donahue, president of the Catholic League, said that Benedict had tackled the abuse problem much more aggressively than John Paul II, who he said had let the issue languish.

?Nobody clearly did more to counter this problem in the Catholic Church? than Benedict, Donahue said. ?I think history will treat him very well in terms of dealing with the problem.?

Benedict continued the outreach to Jews of his predecessor, John Paul II, and was the second pope to enter a synagogue. His relationship with Muslims, however, was much more complex.

He generated outrage among Muslims when, in 2006, he gave a speech in Germany and quoted a Byzantine emperor who had characterized some of the Prophet Muhammad?s teachings ?as evil and inhuman.?

Benedict also stirred an uproar in 2009 when, en route to Africa and discussing the AIDS epidemic with reporters, he said that the distribution of condoms ?increases the problem? rather than preventing the spread of the disease.

A year later, in an interview, he said that a male prostitute who used a condom to avoid passing HIV to his partner might be taking a step toward more responsible sexuality.

James Salt, executive director of Catholics United, which claims 40,000 members and wants the church to focus more on social justice and poverty, praised the abdication as a ?sign of humility from the aging Holy Father? and encouraged the church to reflect on the ?challenges of this papacy.?

He suggested that the church open itself to a pope from Latin America or Africa.

Joseph Ratzinger became Pope Benedict XVI in 2005. Look back at his life from childhood through his papacy.

NBC News staff writer Miranda Leitsinger, Reuters and The Associated Press contributed to this report.

Related:

'Heavy heart but complete understanding': Pope's resignation stuns leadership

Archbishop Dolan of New York: I'm startled, anxious at pope's resignation

From prisoner of war to pontiff: A timeline of Benedict XVI's life

US will have unprecedented voice in electing new pope

Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/11/16924342-pope-benedict-xvi-to-step-aside-on-feb-28?lite

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Sunday, February 10, 2013

Write With Spike: Q&A with Amy Friedman, Author of Desperado's Wife


Hey Y?all, My friend Amy Friedman?who wrote a terrific essay that appeared in Stricken, an anthology about grief that I co-edited-- has a new memoir out. Desperado?s Wife, about the time in her life when she was married to a man in prison for murder. You can get the book by visiting AmyFriedman.net, Pages A Bookstore in Manhattan Beach, California and on Amazon. Watch her website for an airdate announcement for her interview with Katie Couric. Below, Amy answers questions about her life and her book.?

SG: Hi Amy. Great to be back in touch. Will you start out by giving us a little background re: your writing career?

AF: I began writing short stories when I was a teenager, inspired at first by a desire to give voice to a grandmother who had stopped speaking and whose story I wanted to know. And then I never stopped, though throughout my teens and 20s and into my 30s I was a devout fiction writer. I received my MFA in creative writing from City College of New York, worked for years as an editor and writer, and in 1985 moved to Kingston, Ontario, Canada where I happened upon a newspaper that was, at the time, a literary wonder. The Kingston Whig Standard had a beautiful Saturday magazine. I sent off a couple stories to the editor who invited me in for a talk and offered me a weekly column. That column is what turned me into a personal essayist and memoirist. Over the eight years I wrote Hard Lines, that column, I also published two memoirs and hundreds of stories and essays. I also began writing Tell Me a Story for The Whig, a newspaper feature of adaptations of myths, legends, folk and fairytales and within a year I was under contract with Universal Press Syndicate?to syndicate the column internationally. Twenty years later, I?m still writing that weekly column. I also teach personal essay and memoir in Los Angeles where I moved in 2002.

SG: Your new book, Desperado's Wife, is a memoir about a time in your life when you met a prisoner who was behind bars for murder, married him, and what ensued. I'm guessing a question you are often asked is, "What were you thinking?" or "How could you marry a murderer?" Is that right? Will you give me a little laundry list of FAQs you get hit with and a couple of answers you perhaps have memorized by now?

AF: Why is definitely the question, and it?s often followed by an eye roll or two. And quickly followed by the question: Did you ever get to sleep together? And how did you get past the fact that he had killed someone, were you afraid? The shortest answer is you have to read the book, which of course leads me to your next question?why I decided to write it. So I?ll take those two together.

Will and I were married for 7 years, 5-1/2 of which he was in prison (I met him during his 7th year inside); when he was paroled (and yes, even those who have been sentenced to murder receive parole?though less and less in the States), and the last 18 months of our marriage we lived together, but the marriage disintegrated when our strongest bond?the fight we were waging together to win his parole?was gone. He also did not cope well with the world when he was first released?he fell apart emotionally and that put a strain on our relationship?a strain that finally broke us apart.

But he did not fall apart in the way most people imagine released prisoners do. The general image of a ?murderer? is someone who does nothing else?who moves through the world seeking to kill. When I was an official visitor (I first visited prison as a columnist so that I could learn about prison), and during the years Will and I were married, I came to know dozens of men serving time for murder. It?s important to understand that each of these people were individuals, each one with a story?bar fights gone awry, drug rivalries, accidents, drunk driving. Most of the stories involved drugs and/or alcohol. I did not meet any serial killers (though it is the women who marry psychopaths and serial killers that seems to me to inspire psychologists to write books about ?those prisoners wives.?)

?But Will and I fell in love the way people do outside?at first I was drawn to him because he was intelligent and when I asked him questions about prison, he was the person who gave me the answers that made most sense. For instance, the very first thing he told me was that if I wanted to understand prison, I ought to talk to prisoners? families because they understand prison and never did anything to hurt anyone. And so I began to talk to families. I also continued to talk to Will (and many other prisoners, guards and administrators) until one day a prison official told me I was welcome to continue visiting, that I was welcome to write stories about prison for the paper, but that I was NOT permitted to talk to one inmate. That inmate was Will.

?I was na?ve enough to think that the official had just given me valuable information?had told me that it was Will who was telling me the truth about prison. I ignored his instruction and continued talking to Will, at which point prison officials wrote a letter to my editor letting him know the prison was expelling me, refusing to allow me in. My editor who had always been my staunch supporter did not support me in my effort to fight for the right to keep visiting. The prison I later learned (by accessing their letter through the Privacy Commission Act) had accused me of inappropriate behavior (which was untrue)?I argued with my editor: This was, I said, Canada, a free country; prison officials could not decide who could and who could not investigate what went on behind those walls, who a writer could or could not talk to. Alas, at just that point in time the paper had been purchased by a large corporate syndicate and my editor, worried about his own job, turned his back on me.

?I?m rebellious by nature, and that literally pushed me into Will?s arms because once I was forbidden to visit prison, the only way I could continue going in was to sign on as a personal visitor. And I did. And soon after that, Will?s mother and children invited me to join them in what were known as Private Family Visits (colloquially conjugal or trailer visits). I applied to do so, but the warden (whom I had interviewed many times and knew well and with whom I had always gotten along) refused my request. He told us we could have a trailer visit in a year?if we ?behaved.? Will asked me to marry him?if we were married, the prison could not refuse us the visit. By that time I was so angry and alienated from those around me who were judging without knowledge and turning their backs on me, and I was so attracted to and engaged by and in love with Will, I quickly agreed. Again, that?s the snapshot.

?What followed were years of great difficulty because overnight after I married Will, I became, in the eyes of the prison system and of many outside, just as suspicious and subject to invasion of privacy as were all prisoners. All prisoners? wives, children, parents, sisters and brothers and friends suffer the humiliation of things like strip searches and long waiting lines and hostility and job loss and every other imaginable indignation. Indeed, the publisher canceled my column, friends turned their backs, for a while so did my family, a board of directors on which I had long served kicked me off its board, and I wound up in combat against prejudice and misunderstanding?the sort that I think inspires those eye rolls, and the question. That?s not to say I don?t understand why or how people ask, but one of the reasons

I knew I had to write the book was to continue what I started out to do when I first visited prison?long before I met Will. That was to paint a picture of the world that is prison, to try to better understand and then describe in writing what happens to those impacted by prison, to write about what it is like trying to have a have a relationship against the odds. When the relationship collapsed, I collapsed for about a year. I knew I would have to write about it to find my way back to making sense of the story, of all the specifics of what happened. ? There?s another important piece to the book and that is that Desperado?s Wife is actually two love stories?the love story between me and Will, but maybe more important, the love story between his daughters and me. They were 14 and 8 when we met, and I helped to raise them for most of those years. And they are still two of the most important loves of my life. One of the reasons I wanted to write the book was to help to lift the mantle of shame from them, a mantle that is the result of others? lack of understanding and prejudice against anyone who loves a prisoner. ?


SG: Has writing it been healing?

AF: Yes, but also painful. The book took ten years to write?because it started out filled with the fury I felt towards those who had turned their backs and full of the despair the divorce left me feeling. After several drafts of writing with an agenda of sorts (to prove prisoners wives are no different from other women who love someone), I realized I had to give up trying to prove anything. I decided to try to write the book as a novel from the point of view of a prisoner?s child?that way readers wouldn?t come to the book with a built-in question (how could you love him?) because everyone understands a child?s love for a parent (no matter how flawed that parent is). And after another three years of working on the novel, I finished it and a good friend and colleague read it and looked me in the eye and said, ?You do realize you have to write this as a memoir.?

At first I wanted to punch him, but I knew he was right. I went back to the drawing board, back to beginning as if I were walking into prison for the first time, open and ready to learn what there was to learn, to find what there was to find. The journey led me to a deep understanding of how this story happened, to my realization that ever since childhood I?d longed to know what prison does to human beings in large measure because I am the daughter of a man who was a Jewish prisoner of War in World War II and granddaughter of a man who was a prisoner of War in Siberia in World War I. That is how I know that prison seeps deep under the skin not only of those who are imprisoned but of their loved ones, and future generations.?

SG: Where is your ex-husband-- does he know about the book?

AF: He was released from prison in 1999, and he has remained out, living and working in Canada. There is no animosity between us, and though I haven?t consulted with him about the book. We did have a conversation a few years ago when an excerpt of the book was published in the NewYork Times Modern Love column,?and he found out about it and read it. I was worried?that?s why I hadn?t told him about it. I thought he would object to my telling this story. But in fact he called me and told me he fully supported me in anything I wrote, that he knew me to be a person of integrity, and he was confident that my writing would always reflect that integrity.

SG: This is probably one of those stupid questions, since I know we should take life on a case-by-case basis, but if I told you that I was going to marry a prisoner, would you counsel me one way or the other, for/against?

AF: Not stupid at all, but the answer has two parts. The first is yes, I would. In fact, a friend of mine has a daughter who is engaged to a man in prison, and I?ve been talking to her for months, trying to convince her to wait until he is released to marry him. But the counsel does not come in the form of ?he?s a loser, why would you do that?? or ?you?re throwing your life away.? Rather it?s that the life of a prisoner?s spouse is full of suspicion and hostility and loneliness and a kind of poverty of the soul. Part two: I know that my counsel and anyone else?s is likely useless. People in love do what they feel they need to do, what they must do. Love is powerful medicine, and I don?t think there?s a verbal antidote, and if you?re anything like me, if I counsel you for or against, you?ll rebel against my counsel.?

SG: What was your publishing process-- agent, NY publisher, etc? Or more DIY? Whichever it was, will you tell us the pitfalls and rewards you encountered?

AF:?Ah publishing! For the last 10 years, ever since I moved back to the States, it?s been more or less the bane of my existence. I have an agent (my second in the last ten years), and both have loved the book and sent it out far and wide. The rejections have come mostly in this form: This is a fascinating story and beautifully written but it would not interest enough people. One editor even wrote, ?But there aren?t enough prisoners? wives to make this saleable.? But my agent convinced me she could keep at it. In the meantime, a producer at the Katie Couric show came to me?she?d read my piece in the New York Times and another excerpt in Salon and a third in your book, Stricken: 5,000 Stages of Grief, and she wanted me to appear on Katie to tell my story and feature the book, and I decided I would not appear on the show without a book. So I went the self-publishing route.

The reward is I have a book between covers, the pitfall?because the book is self-published it is ineligible for all kinds of reviews and awards for which I wish it were eligible and the cost, of course?in terms of money and time invested in doing everything on my own?hiring my own editors, copyeditors, designers, and so on, and working with no publicist or machine behind me. But I?ve reached out for reviews and so far these have been more positive than I could have dreamed?most people have told me that once they picked up the book they couldn?t put it down?and I think it?s opened some eyes, and hearts. That?s my hope. And of course it would be nice to make back the investment ? And meantime my agent has the self-published version out for consideration too. We shall see.

SG: How's the marketing going? My experience is that it's pretty tough out there to get noticed. On the other hand, I really am pleased that, as a self-publisher this time around-- I got to write exactly what I wanted. But the marketing can be a bit exhausting. Agreed?

AF:?Absolutely agreed. I?ve gone this route before with a series of CD Audiobooks I?ve produced from Tell Me a Story, and when I put those out into the world, I developed a schedule which was this: For three years, each day I wrote one letter to someone?to librarians, to reviewers, to bloggers, to schools, to churches, to women?s groups. And now, six years since the release of the first CD, I do nothing and the CDs continue to sell?not gangbusters but it?s always amazing to me, and I sell at least one CD or story each day to someone somewhere.

I thought to do that with this book, but in some ways I?d prefer now to put that energy into writing the next book. That?s why people like you, and interviews like this, are blessings. I?m scheduled to do a radio interview with KPFK (Experience Talks) in early February. But you?re absolutely right. Making this book be and say precisely what I wanted it to be and say is, ultimately, what matters. And that it exists has left me with the energy to begin to put prison behind me.

SG: Working on another big project now??

AF: Slowly, slowly bringing myself back into an old novel I first wrote when I was in graduate school, and ?I have another book recently completed that?s coming out in September. This is with St. Martin?s Press, it?s a co-authored memoir with Anne Willan. In other words, I?m the ?ghost? (I?ve ghosted several books, though for this one I have an author credit). Anne is a well-known cooking teacher and author of 30 books who had a famous cooking school in Paris, and the book?s called One Souffle at a Time, and I love her and the story and the book?and it couldn?t be more different from Desperado?s Wife. Her story is one of travel, adventure, food, life in a chateau in Burgundy?very little darkness, lots of light, and Anne?s amazing recipes, too.

SG: What else would you like to tell me?

AF: Without you and Stricken, I don?t know that I would have ever finished Desperado?s Wife. The writing and the efforts to entice editors was such a slog until the day your co-author, Katherine Tanney, called to tell me you and she had submitted my excerpt to Dan Jones at Modern Love and that he wanted to run a portion of my piece. That opportunity seriously turned everything around for me, first because at the time so many editors were telling me no one cared about the story of a prisoner?s wife, and then because Dan cared so deeply, and afterwards because the feedback was oceanic, and 95% was positive.

So I honestly feel that without you and Katherine on my side, I might not have made the long trek to publication. And this: That 95% of prisoners get out of prison eventually, and families of prisoners are the single best hope that that release will end up being positive and nurturing. And as Will told me on the first day we met, prisoners? families understand prison, and they never did anything wrong. Before I was a prisoner?s wife, I thought all those women (wives, moms, daughters, sisters) standing at the bus stop outside the prison waiting to go home were probably smuggling drugs or knives. Ninety-nine percent of them not only aren?t smuggling knives and guns and drugs, they?re only trying to hold tight to their love, despite the burden of sorrows.

Source: http://writewithspike.blogspot.com/2013/02/q-with-amy-friedman-author-of.html

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